Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), commonly known as mouse hand, is a common issue of wrist nerve compression that affects hand sensation and strength. The main cause is the median nerve being compressed inside the wrist tunnel. This tunnel is made up of bones and ligaments, with a narrow space containing the nerve and tendons. The median nerve controls the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger; when tunnel pressure rises, it squeezes the nerve. Increased

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the lower limb. During walking, running, and jumping activities, the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle in the calf pulls the heel bone upward through the Achilles tendon, shifting the body's center of gravity upward or forward. As the tendon bears the full body weight during movement, it endures significant loads. Repeated excessive stress or overload on the tendon can lead to degeneration of collagen fibers, micro-tears, neo

The piriformis muscle becomes excessively tight, spasmodic, or inflamed, compressing or irritating the sciatic nerve that passes beneath it, resulting in localized pain and radiating symptoms along the sciatic nerve distribution. Causes Prolonged sitting, crossing legs, or habitual one-sided weight-bearing Repetitive hip external rotation activities such as running or hiking Gluteal muscle imbalance (weak gluteus medius leading to overcompensation by the piriformis) Anterior

The lumbar intervertebral disc consists of a tough outer annulus fibrosus and a gel-like inner nucleus pulposus, primarily functioning to cushion spinal pressure and maintain flexibility. When the annulus fibrosus weakens or ruptures due to degeneration, injury, or excessive loading, the nucleus pulposus protrudes posteriorly, compressing adjacent nerve roots or the dural sac. This not only results in nerve tissue ischemia and functional impairment but also triggers a local i

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to the dysfunction or injury of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its related structures, including the articular disc, masticatory muscles, and surrounding nerves. Patients may experience jaw pain while chewing, clicking or popping noises, uneven jaw movement when opening or closing, and facial or chin asymmetry. The pathological mechanisms mainly involve the following aspects: Joint Structural Abnormalities: Displacement or

Greater Trochanter Pain Syndrome (formerly known as Greater Trochanteric Bursitis) is discomfort caused by issues in the tissues around the greater trochanter, and it is a common cause of lateral hip pain. It mainly includes 3 types: Trochanteric Bursitis: The greater trochanter is a bony part of the femur, located below the pelvis and the top of the outer thigh. The bursa on the greater trochanter acts as a cushion, helping to reduce friction when the gluteus medius tendon a

The scientific name of Tennis Elbow is Lateral Epicondylitis, which is a degenerative disease caused by overuse of the wrist extensor...

Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is commonly seen in women between the ages of 40 and 50. When suffering from frozen...

When the knees are close together, the distance between the ankles is too large and the ankles cannot be brought together. Causes...

Pathology The plantar fascia is a fibrous tissue that connects the heel and the bottom of the toes. When walking, it is tightened to...

Pathology The muscle key of the shoulder rotator muscle is between the greater trochanter of the humerus and the base of the acromion....

Pathology The sciatic nerve is the main nerve of the lower limbs. It originates from the fourth and fifth lumbar nerve roots (L4, L5) and...

Pathology The patella slides up and down in the femur groove when the knee joint is extended. If you frequently perform weight-bearing...