Achilles Tendinopathy

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the lower limb. During walking, running, and jumping activities, the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle in the calf pulls the heel bone upward through the Achilles tendon, shifting the body's center of gravity upward or forward. As the tendon bears the full body weight during movement, it endures significant loads. Repeated excessive stress or overload on the tendon can lead to degeneration of collagen fibers, micro-tears, neovascularization, and matrix changes in the mid-portion or insertion site of the Achilles tendon, presenting as "tendinopathy" rather than a typical acute inflammatory state.

Causes

• Sudden increase in running volume, hill running, or jumping sports

• Tightness or weakness in the triceps surae (calf muscles)

• Improper footwear or excessive heel-strike running technique

• Flat feet or high arches causing abnormal biomechanics

• Age-related degeneration combined with long-term cumulative loading

Symptoms

• Morning stiffness and pain in the mid-portion of the Achilles tendon or at the heel bone insertion

• Pain slightly relieves after activity but worsens with overuse

• Palpable tenderness upon compressing the Achilles tendon; in severe cases, nodules or thickening may be felt

• Pain intensifies when going up or down stairs, starting to run, or jumping

Treatment

• Interferential current therapy: Reduces pain and nerve sensitivity

• Ultrasound + deep heat: Promotes tissue remodeling

• Shockwave therapy: One of the most evidence-supported treatment methods currently

• Exercise therapy: Alfredson eccentric training protocol + calf stretching + plantar muscle strengthening

• Acupuncture: Relaxes the posterior calf fascial chain

• Orthotic insoles + Achilles tendon elevation: Reduces tendon tension

Potential consequences of not treating early

• Continued tendon degeneration → Potential calcification

• Significantly increased risk of partial or complete Achilles tendon rupture

• Long-term impact on athletic performance and daily walking activities

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The above content is for reference only. Readers should consult relevant medical personnel, as timely and effective treatment can only be achieved through detailed examination and diagnosis.

@DOCTORFIX CHIROPRACTIC AND PHYSIOTHERAPY CLINIC