Lumbar Disc Herniation

The lumbar intervertebral disc consists of a tough outer annulus fibrosus and a gel-like inner nucleus pulposus, primarily functioning to cushion spinal pressure and maintain flexibility. When the annulus fibrosus weakens or ruptures due to degeneration, injury, or excessive loading, the nucleus pulposus protrudes posteriorly, compressing adjacent nerve roots or the dural sac. This not only results in nerve tissue ischemia and functional impairment but also triggers a local inflammatory response, leading to neuralgia and radiating symptoms.

Causes

• Prolonged bending, extended sitting, or improper posture when lifting heavy objects

• Weak core muscles and increased abdominal pressure

• Degenerative changes combined with acute twisting or heavy loading

• Smoking and obesity as risk factors

Symptoms

• Lower back pain, which may radiate along the sciatic nerve to the buttocks, back of the thigh, and calf

• Pain intensifies when sitting, coughing, sneezing, or bending

• Numbness, weakness, or sensory abnormalities in the lower limbs

• In severe cases, loss of bowel and bladder control (Cauda Equina Syndrome)

Treatment

• Shockwave therapy: promotes tissue repair, reduces pain and inflammation, and can stimulate regeneration of soft tissues around the intervertebral disc

• Interferential therapy: Reduces nerve root inflammation

• Traction therapy: Decompresses the intervertebral disc

• Exercise therapy: Core stability training + neural gliding exercises

• Acupuncture: Relieves neuralgia

• Posture education: Protects the lumbar spine

Potential consequences of not treating early

• Prolonged nerve compression → Muscle atrophy and permanent loss of sensation

• Development of chronic neuralgia

• Severe cases may require emergency surgery

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The above content is for reference only. Readers should consult relevant medical personnel, as timely and effective treatment can only be achieved through detailed examination and diagnosis.

@DOCTORFIX CHIROPRACTIC AND PHYSIOTHERAPY CLINIC